Occupational health and safety (OHS) risks refer to potential hazards and threats in a workplace that could harm the physical or mental well-being of employees. These risks vary by industry and workplace but can be broadly categorized into the following types:
1. Physical Risks
- Slips, trips, and falls: Uneven surfaces, wet floors, or improperly stored items.
- Noise exposure: High noise levels can lead to hearing loss over time.
- Machinery hazards: Risks from unguarded machines or equipment malfunctions.
- Temperature extremes: Working in excessively hot or cold environments.
2. Chemical Risks
- Exposure to harmful chemicals: Inhalation, skin contact, or accidental ingestion of hazardous substances like cleaning agents or industrial chemicals.
- Chemical spills or leaks: Accidents involving flammable, corrosive, or toxic substances.
3. Biological Risks
- Infectious diseases: Exposure to bacteria, viruses, or pathogens, especially in healthcare or laboratory settings.
- Animal-related hazards: Risks from bites, stings, or diseases in industries like agriculture.
4. Ergonomic Risks
- Repetitive strain injuries: Poorly designed workstations or repetitive tasks leading to musculoskeletal disorders.
- Heavy lifting: Incorrect lifting techniques causing back or joint injuries.
- Prolonged postures: Sitting or standing for long periods without breaks.
5. Psychosocial Risks
- Work-related stress: High workloads, tight deadlines, or lack of support.
- Harassment or bullying: Negative behaviors affecting mental health.
- Fatigue: Long working hours or inadequate rest.
6. Environmental Risks
- Fire hazards: Faulty wiring, open flames, or flammable materials.
- Exposure to hazardous substances: Such as asbestos, lead, or silica dust.
- Confined spaces: Limited ventilation and access posing risks of suffocation or entrapment.
7. Organizational Risks
- Lack of training: Employees not being properly trained to handle hazards.
- Poor emergency preparedness: Absence of evacuation plans or insufficient safety drills.
- Neglected maintenance: Unsafe equipment or structural issues in the workplace.
Identifying, assessing, and addressing these risks is essential to create a safe and healthy work environment.
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